Professional Education Practice Quiz| Volume 2 Part 1

Professional Education Practice Quiz| Volume 2 Part 1

This is the Multiple Choice Questions in Professional Education part 1 as one coverage of Licensure Examinations for Teachers (LET). The exam is divided into two classifications. First is the elementary level exam which covers topics from General Education (GenEd) 40% and Professional Education (ProfEd) 60%. Secondly is the secondary level which covers GenEd 20%, ProfEd 40% and area of specialization 40%. I assume you are looking for a reviewer that will help you achieve your goal to become a professional License teacher very soon. Yes, you are in the right place to make your dream come true. Make sure to familiarize each and every questions to increase the chance of passing the Licensure Examinations for Teachers (LET).

PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION (Elementary and Secondary) Coverage

• Teaching Profession, Social Dimensions of Education
• Principles of Teaching, Educational Technology, Curriculum Development
• Facilitating Learning, Child and Adolescent Development
• Assessment of Student Learning, Developmental Reading
• Field Study, Practice Teaching

Practice Exam Test Questions

Choose the letter of the best answer in each questions.

1. What characterizes the formative development nature of PAST?

A. Non- supportive

B. Innovative

C. rewarding

D. elf-directed

VIEW ANSWER

Option D

Explanation

omprehensive appraisal system which addresses one of the mandates of the Department as embodied in the RA 9155.The first purpose is formative-developmental in nature which will provide teachers with meaningful activities that encourage their professional learning and growth. The procedure will be supportive, non-threatening, fair, collegial and self-directed within the community of professional learners

2. Which are the Job- embedded requirements for teachers and so must continuously develop themselves In these aspects?

 I. Maintain updated pupil/student school records 

II. Conducts action research 

III. Maintains harmonious relationship with stakeholders 

IV. Channels and guide learners

A. I,II,II

B. I,II,III,IV

C. I,III,IV

D. I,III, IV

VIEW ANSWER

Option B

Explanation

Job-Embedded Learning (JEL) refers to a process of learning where new knowledge, skills and values are integrated into current job practice resulting in enhanced competencies for the improvement of work performance. It is sometimes referred to as on-the-job learning or workplace learning.

3. To ensure high standards of the teacher’s personal and professional and professional development, what tool/instrument was develop by the DepEd for self- assessment?

A. TSNA

B. IPPD

C. KSA

D. TPDI

VIEW ANSWER

Option A

Explanation

The NCBTS-Teacher’s Strengths and Training Needs Assessment (TSNA) Tool is a self-assessment tool that enables teachers to identify their professional strengths and development needs. It is a formative process that encourages teachers in taking personal responsibility of their own growth and professional advancement with the goal of promoting student learning

4. Which NCBTS domain creates situations that encourage learners to use high order thinking skills (HOTS)?

A. Diversity of learner

B. Curriculum

C. learning environment

D. community linkages

VIEW ANSWER

Option B

Explanation

Domain 4: Curriculum, a domain that refers to all elements of the teaching-learning process that work in convergence to help students attain high standards of learning and understanding of the curricular goals and objectives. These elements include the teacher’s knowledge of subject matter, teaching-learning approaches and activities, instructional materials and learning resources. Thus after this domain, students are expected to have the basic higher level literacy, communication, numeracy, critical thinking, Communicates clear learning goals that are appropriate for learners, makes good use of allotted instructional time, selects teaching methods, learning activities and instructional materials or resources appropriate to learners and aligned to the objectives of the lesson

5. As a community leader, which one may a teacher NOT do?

A. Solicits donation from philanthropists in the community

B. Plays an active part in the activities of the community

C. Supports effort of the community to improve their status in life

D. Makes herself aloof to ensure that her decisions will not be influenced by community politics

VIEW ANSWER

Option A

Explanation

Code of Ethics Section 5. A teacher shall not engage in the promotion of any political, religious, or other partisan interest, and shall not, directly or indirectly, solicit, require, collect, or receive any money or service or other valuable material from any person or entity for such purposes.

6.Teacher Nenita discourages her students to watch TV excessively. The average student spends about twenty-for hours watching television in a week. According to research, hoe is learning effective by TV viewing?

A. Shorter attention span

B. Enhanced creativity

C. Improved thinking ability

D. Improved communication skills

VIEW ANSWER

Option A

Explanation

As part of the project, the Health Science students conducted a research-based focus group with the elementary students to determine the issues around screen time. The student’s research found that over exposure to screen time resulted in the second graders exhibiting shorter attention spans in the classroom, a decrease in family time, and nightmares. "Our focus group revealed that the second graders had short attention spans due to screen time over exposure," explained Mia Hulslander, one of the student researchers. "We realized this through the students’ complaints of boredom when they were watching TV and playing video games. They reported never being satisfied with the screen time they were currently watching."

7. What is best meaning of collaboration in school?

A. It is support for the beginning teacher

B. It is identifying mentors among the experienced teachers

C. It is working interdependently to analyze practice

D. It is working interdependently to determine impact of practice

VIEW ANSWER

Option C

Explanation

Collaboration represents a systematic process in which teachers work together interdependently to impact their classroom practice in ways that will lead to better results for their students, for their team and for their school. It is to analyze impact of strategies to determine what worked and what didn't.

8. Which is the most essential characteristic of a Total Quality School model?

A. Clientele-focused

B. Empowerment

C. Involvement of stakeholders

D. Continuous improvement

VIEW ANSWER

Option A

Explanation

As Arcaro (2005) stated, five characteristics of Total Quality School are focus on customer, total involvement, measurement, commitment, and continuous improvement. In focus on customer, Bush (2003) pointed out that the school’s aim is to establish customer’s satisfaction by fulfilling their needs towards the institution. Meanwhile, Tjiptono and Diana (2005) described that five fundamental things to focus on customer is by giving tangible proof, providing reliability, being responsive, presenting assurance, and showing empathy. Through tangible proof, school equips itself with facilities and infrastructures as well as extracurricular activities. In addition, reliability will be one of the schools’ efforts to serve the customer well.

Moreover, school assures the customer’s satisfaction by showing respects to them and being dependable. Further, one of school’s ways to empathize the customer is by giving extra attention to them. Thus, Forza and Filippini (1998) stressed that it is utterly important for an organization to pay extra attention to the customers by maintaining the closeness through communication.

There are two types of customers in a school context. Arcaro (2005) emphasized that internal customers in education context are students, students’ parents, teachers, and staffs. Furthermore, society, companies, military, and other organizations are external customers.

9. Which is NOT a basic consideration in selecting and evaluating the content of an educational technology tool?

A. Does it match the content?

B. Can it be easily dismantled?

C. Will it motivate and maintain interest?

D. Is there evidence of its effectiveness?

VIEW ANSWER

Option B

Explanation

Options A, C and D are all necessary in the selection of the content of the educational tool to be used in the classroom.

10. Professor Reyes is thinking of an online learning approach by which content provides links to information at other locations and serves as a focal point for a distance education experience. Which of the following should she use?

A. Teleconferencing

B. Self-paced program

C. Web-based instruction

D. Computer-aided instruction

VIEW ANSWER

Option C

Explanation

Web-based instruction (WBI) is a hypermedia-based instructional program which utilizes the attributes and resources of the World Wide Web to create a meaningful learning environment where learning is fostered and supported.

11. Professor dela Cruz would like to create a presentation material for her lesson on the types of computer-assisted instruction. To make her presentation effective, which?

A. Situating tool

B. Informative tool

C. Productivity tool

D. Communicative tool

VIEW ANSWER

Option C

Explanation

Situating Tool By means of virtual reality (RS) extension systems, the computer can create 3-D images on display to give the user the feeling that are situated in a virtual environment. A flight simulation program is an example of situating tool which places the user in a simulated flying environment.

Constructive Tool- The computer itself can be used for manipulating information, visualizing one's understanding and building new knowledge. The Microsoft Word computer program itself is desktop publishing software that allows users to organize and present their ideas in attractive formats

Productivity tools such as word processors, databases, spreadsheets, and multimedia tools allow for individual expression. People bring information, and ideas to these tools. Individuals use productivity tools to organize, manipulate, shape, and ultimately present ideas in creative new ways.

12. Which of the following computer-based instructional materials can be used to learn new concepts?

A. Games

B. Tutorial

C. Simulation

D. Drill and practice

VIEW ANSWER

Option B

Explanation

Tutorials can introduce students to the concepts and skills necessary for effective use

13.What is at the heart of the Teacher Education Development Program (TEDP)?

A. NCBTS

B. RPMS

C. IPPD

D. LET

VIEW ANSWER

Option A

Explanation

The National Competency-Based Teacher Standards (NCBTS) is at the heart of the Teacher Education Development Program (TEDP). It is the key element of the TEDP. It defines effective teaching as being able to help all types of students learn the different learning goals in the curriculum

14. The following are the domains of NCBTS EXCEPT for _____.

A. Tenure of Office

B. Learning Environment

C. Curriculum

D. Community Linkages

VIEW ANSWER

Option A

Explanation

Tenure of Office is not a domain of NCBTS. The complete domains of NCBTS are the following:

• Social Regard for Learning
• Learning Environment
• Diversity of Learners
•  Curriculum
• Planning, Assessing, and Reporting
• Community Linkages
• Personal Growth and Professional Development

15. According to Republic Act 4670, the term “teacher” includes _____

 I. Full time teachers 

II. Vocational teachers

 III. Guidance counselors 

IV. Librarian

A. I, II and III

B. I, II, III and IV

C. and II

D. III and IV

VIEW ANSWER

Option B

Explanation

As used in Republic Act 4670, the term "teacher" shall mean all persons engaged in classroom teaching, in any level of instruction, on full-time basis, including guidance counselors, school librarians, industrial arts or vocational instructors, and all other persons performing supervisory and/or administrative functions in all schools, colleges and universities operated by the Government or its political subdivisions; but shall not include school nurses, school physicians, school dentists, and other school employees.

16. During conferences and meetings, Teacher Miguel often introduced himself by saying “I am only a teacher.” This line implies that ____.

A. The teaching profession is insignificant.

B. Teachers receive the lowest salaries.

C. The speaker is a reluctant teacher.

D. The speaker is not proud to be a teacher.

VIEW ANSWER

Option D

Explanation

The line that says “I am only a teacher”, especially because of the word “only”, implies that Teacher Miguel is not proud of his profession as a teacher. According to Article IV, Section 1 of the “Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers”, every teacher shall actively insure that teaching is the noblest profession, and shall manifest genuine enthusiasm and pride in teaching as a noble calling.

17. Teacher Randy, a Grade-8 Teacher is socially detached from his learners’ parents so as not to be perceived as biased and unfair by other parents especially in selecting the deserving honor students of the class. Is Teacher Randy’s behavior correct?

A. No, a teacher should maintain cordial relations with parents.

B. Yes, it is his personal choice and right as a teacher.

C. Yes, Teacher Randy’s behavior of being socially detached is a good example in order avoid inequalities and being partial to his learners.

D. Yes, provided that such behavior receives approval from the school head.

VIEW ANSWER

Option A

Explanation

According to Article IX, Section 1 of the “Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers”, every teacher shall establish and maintain cordial relations with parents, and shall conduct himself to merit their confidence and respect.

18. A teacher shall base the evaluation of the learner’s work only in ____.

A. attendance, character, merit and quality of academic performance

B. attendance, beauty, merit and quality of academic performance

C. attendance, merit and quality of academic performance

D. merit and quality of academic performance

VIEW ANSWER

Option D

Explanation

According to Article VIII, Section 6 of the Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers, a teacher shall base the evaluation of the learner’s work only in merit and quality of academic performance

19.The principal denied the enrolment of 3 foreign students claiming that the school already has 300 foreign students out of the 900 total number of enrolment. Is the principal’s action justified?

A. No. Aliens should be given a chance just like the Filipinos

B. Yes. They should be enrolled in a school exclusively for aliens.

C. No. It is a violation of their right to access education

D. Yes. It is granted by the Constitution

VIEW ANSWER

Option B

Explanation

Article XIV, Section 4.(1) The State recognizes the complementary roles of public and private institutions in the educational system and shall exercise reasonable supervision and regulation of all educational institutions.

(2) Educational institutions, other than those established by religious groups and mission boards, shall be owned solely by citizens of the Philippines or corporations or associations at least sixty per centum of the capital of which is owned by such citizens. The Congress may, however, require increased Filipino equity participation in all educational institutions.

The control and administration of educational institutions shall be vested in citizens of the Philippines.

No educational institution shall be established exclusively for aliens and no group of aliens shall comprise more than one-third of the enrolment in any school. The provisions of this subsection shall not apply to schools established for foreign diplomatic personnel and their dependents and, unless otherwise provided by law, for other foreign temporary residents. (300 foreign students is already 1/3 of the total population which is 900. To grant the enrolment of 3 more students would violate this provision.)

20. Can Lea Salonga be a music teacher even without a license?

A. No. She must take the board exam for teachers before teaching

B. Yes. She can because she is an acknowledged expert in her field.

C. No. Unless she takes 18 units of the professional education subjects.

D. 21. Which one does not appeal to tactile learners?

VIEW ANSWER

Option B

Explanation

RA 9293, Sec. 2 ...A special permit may also be issued by the Board to a person who has excelled and gained international recognition and is a widely acknowledged expert in his or her respective field of specialization."

21. Which one does not appeal to tactile learners?

A. movements activities

B. games

C. group activities d. posters

D. posters

VIEW ANSWER

Option D

Explanation

If you are a tactile learner, you learn by touching and doing. You understand and remember things through physical movement. You are a "hands-on" learner who prefers to touch, move, build, or draw what you learn, and you tend to learn better when some type of physical activity is involved.

22. If you want to hone your students' metacognitive ability, which is most fit?

A. Drill for mastery

B. Journal writing

C. Debate

D. Brainstorming

VIEW ANSWER

Option B

Explanation

Journal writing allows students to reflect on their own thinking.

23. With the closeness to direct experience as standard, which one should a teacher choose?

A. Contrived experience

B. Study trip

C. Dramatized experiences

D. Demonstration

VIEW ANSWER

Option A

Explanation

Contrived experiences are edited copies of reality and are used as substitute for real things when it is not practical or not possible to bring or do

24. Which of the following methods would best make learners familiar with the parts and uses of a microscope?

A. Discovery

B. Expository teaching

C. Inductive learning

D. Experimentation

VIEW ANSWER

Option B

Explanation

Expository teaching is also direct instruction.

Direct instruction is used in teaching procedural knowledge which refers to skills needed in the performance of a task

-ex. focusing the microscope, doing power point presentations, playing basketball, sewing a pair of pajamas

25.Two identical beakers A and B are presented to the child. Teacher Sonny pours the liquid from B to C which is taller and thinner than A and B but has equal capacity with B. The teacher asks if the beakers A and C have the same amount of liquid. The child says “NO” and points to C as the beaker that has more liquid. In which cognitive developmental stage is the child?

A. Sensorimotor stage

B. Concrete operational stage

C. Pre-operational stage

D. Formal Operational stage

VIEW ANSWER

Option C

Explanation

The child is in the level of “Centration” which is under the pre-operational stage. This refers to the tendency of the child to only focus on one aspect of a thing and exclude other aspects. In the given situation, he focused on the aspect of beaker C which is taller than beaker A but did not perceive that Beaker C is narrower. He only focused on the height and not in the capacity.

26. You arrange the rows of blocks in such a way that a row of 5 blocks is longer than a row of 7 blocks. If you ask which row has more, Grade 1 pupils will say that it is the row that makes the longer line. Based on Piaget’s cognitive development theory, what problem is illustrated?

A. Assimilation problem

B. Accommodation problem

C. Conservation problem

D. Egocentrism problem

VIEW ANSWER

Option C

Explanation

Just like in #25, the child is still in the Centration level. When he progresses from being a pre-conserver and can judge rightly, then he has achieved the Conservation stage.

27. According to R.A. 9155, a school head has two roles, namely administrative manager and ____.

A. Health officer

B. Instructional leader

C. Facilitator

D. Guidance counselor

VIEW ANSWER

Option B

Explanation

The school head, who may be assisted by an assistant school head, shall be both an instructional leader and administrative manager. The school head shall form a team with the school teachers/learning facilitators for delivery of quality educational programs, projects and services. A core of non-teaching staff shall handle the school’s administrative, fiscal and auxiliary services. (Section 6 of RA 9155)

28. After reading and paraphrasing Robert Frost’s Stopping by the Woods on Snowy Evening, Teacher Marko asked the class to share any insight derived from the poem. In which domain in Bloom’s taxonomy of objectives is the term paraphrase?

A. Analysis

B. Application

C. Comprehension

D. Synthesis

VIEW ANSWER

Option C

Explanation

In blooms taxonomy, insight falls under comprehension level. To form insight is to understand or comprehend.

29. When small children call all animals “dogs”, what process is illustrated, based on Piaget’s cognitive development theory?

A. Assimilation

B. Conservation

C. Reversion

D. Accommodation

VIEW ANSWER

Option A

Explanation

Assimilation is using an existing schema to deal with a new object or situation or to fit an existing schema to a new situation. Accommodation happens when the existing schema (knowledge) does not work, and needs to be changed to deal with a new object or situation.

30. According to Tolman’s theory on purposive behaviorism, learning is goal-directed. What is its implication to teaching?

A. Evaluate lessons based on your objective/s

B. Set as many objectives as you can

C. Stick to your objectives/s no matter what happens

D. Make the objective/s of your lesson clear and specific

VIEW ANSWER

Option A

Explanation

Evaluate lessons based on objectives

31. Here are comments from School Head Carmen regarding her observations on teacher’s practice in lesson planning:

The words “identify,” “tell” and “enumerate” are overused. Many times they make use of non-behavioral terms. Often their lesson objectives do not include value formation and inculcation.

What can be inferred from the School Head’s comments regarding teacher formulated lesson objectives?

A. Often lesson objectives are in the low level

B. Very often lesson objectives are in the cognitive domain

C. Quite often lesson objectives describe teacher’s behavior

D. Often lesson objectives are in the psychomotor domain

VIEW ANSWER

Option B

Explanation

Very often lesson objectives are in the cognitive domain

32. Why is babyhood referred to as a “critical period” in personality development? Because:

A. At this time the baby is exposed to many physical and psychological hazards

B. Changes in the personality pattern take place

C. At this time the foundations are laid upon which the adult personality structure will be built

D. The brain grows and develops at such an accelerated rate during babyhood

VIEW ANSWER

Option C

Explanation

Babyhood is a hazardous age - among the physical hazards, illness and accidents are the most serious because they often lead to permanent disabilities or to death. Since behaviour patterns, interests and attitude are established during babyhood, serious psychological hazards can result if poor foundations are laid at this time

The potentials for personality development are present at birth. Since no two individuals have the same physical or mental endowment or the same environmental experiences, no two persons will ever develop identical personality patterns. Babyhood is often referred to as a 'critical period' in the development of personality because at this time the foundations are laid upon which the adult personality structure will be built. Factors like constant companion to the child (mother quite often), unfavourable occurrence in the environment (over protection), sex differences, will influence the personality development.

33. Which one is in support of greater interaction?

A. Probing

B. Repeating the question

C. Not allowing a student to complete a response

D. Selecting the same student respondents

VIEW ANSWER

Option A

Explanation

Probing Questions are intended to help the presenter think more deeply about the issue at hand. Probing questions are not just about clarifying specific details; instead, these questions dig much deeper than the surface. An effective probing question helps to get a person to talk about their personal opinions and feelings, and promotes critical thinking.

34. After establishing my learning objectives, what should I do to find out what my students already know and what they do not yet know in relation to my lesson objectives in the cognitive domain?

A. Give a pretest

B. Study the least learned competencies in the National Achievement Test

C. Analyze my students’ grades last year

D. Interview a sample of my students

VIEW ANSWER

Option A

Explanation

Pre-test is a preliminary test

35. For lesson clarity and effective retention, which should a teacher observe, according to Bruner’s theory?

A. Begin teaching at the concrete level but go beyond it by reaching the abstract

B. Use purely verbal symbols in teaching

C. Start at the concrete level and end there

D. End teaching with verbal symbols

VIEW ANSWER

Option A

Explanation

Begin teaching at the concrete level but go beyond it by reaching the abstract

36. I want to use a pre-teaching strategy that will immediately engage my students in the content and will enable me to get an insight into how students think and feel about the topic. Which is most appropriate?

A. K-W-L chart

B. Story boarding

C. Graphic organizer

D. Document analysis

VIEW ANSWER

Option A

Explanation

K-W-L (Ogle, 1986) is an instructional reading strategy that is used to guide students through a text. Students begin by brainstorming everything they Know about a topic. This information is recorded in the K column of a K-W-L chart. It stands for Know, Want to know and Learned. Or simply What I know, What I want to know, and What I learned.

source: http://www.nea.org/tools/k-w-l-know-want-to-know-learned.html

37. I intended to inculcate in my students the value of order and cleanliness. I begin my lesson by asking them to share their experiences about the dirtiest and the cleanest place they have seen and how they felt about them. From there I lead them to the consequences of dirty and clean home of surroundings. In my lesson development plan, how do I proceed?

A. Transductively

B. Inductively

C. Deductively

D. Concretely

VIEW ANSWER

Option B

Explanation

Inductive Method 

- inquiry method, problem-solving method, and project method

-indirect, guided and exploratory

-also called indirect instruction

-begin with questions, problems and details and end up with answers, generalization, conclusions

The teacher merely guided the students in formulating the consequences of dirty and clean environment.

38. When I teach skills that are critical to the learning of the next topics, what should I employ?

A. Direct instruction

B. Mastery learning

C. Socratic method

D. Cooperative learning

VIEW ANSWER

Option B

Explanation

Mastery learning is used in order to advance an individual’s potential for learning. In very simple terms, the Mastery in the term stems from a decision on the part of the teacher to take his class through the material being dealt with in such a way that every pupil masters one part before moving on to the next. The advantages of this are obvious. If each pupil understands what he has just been taught, he stands a good chance of understanding the next section.

39. I used the gumamela flower, a complete flower, to teach the parts of a flower. Which method did I use?

A. Demonstration method

B. Type-study method

C. Drill method

D. Laboratory method

VIEW ANSWER

Option B

Explanation

The Type-Study Method is closely akin to inductive method except that only one case is studied. A typical case is taken for detailed examination

40. Other than finding out how well the course competencies were met, Teacher Kathy also wants to know her students’ performance when compared with other students in the country. What is Teacher Kathy interested to do?

A. Formative evaluation

B. Authentic evaluation

C. Norm-referenced evaluation

D. Criterion-referenced evaluation

VIEW ANSWER

Option C

Explanation

Norm-referenced tests report whether test takers performed better or worse than a hypothetical average student, which is determined by comparing scores against the performance results of a statistically selected group of test takers, typically of the same age or grade level, who have already taken the exam.

41. After a lesson on the atom, the students were asked to work on a physical model of the atom to determine learning. For which group of students is building an atom model intended?

A. Interpersonally intelligent

B. Kinesthetically intelligent

C. Mathematically intelligent

D. Linguistically intelligent

VIEW ANSWER

Option B

Explanation

Body-Kinesthetic intelligence enables a person to manipulate objects and fine-tune physical skills. This intelligence promotes the ability to use the body to express emotion, to play a sport, and to create a new invention.

42. I want to use a diagram to compare the traditional and authentic modes of assessment. Which one is most fit?

A. Affinity diagram

B. Tree diagram

C. Venn diagram

D. Fishbone diagram

VIEW ANSWER

Option C

Explanation

The Venn diagram is a great tool for brainstorming and creating a comparison between two or more objects, events, or people

43. Assessment is said to be authentic when the teacher ________.

A. Consider students’ suggestion in teaching

B. Gives valid and reliable paper-and-pencil test

C. Gives students real-life task to accomplish

D. Includes parents in the determination of assessment procedures

VIEW ANSWER

Option C

Explanation

Authentic assessment is a form of assessment in which students are asked to perform real-world tasks that demonstrate meaningful application of essential knowledge and skills -- Jon Mueller

44. Computer-assisted instruction is an offshoot of the theory of _____.

A. J. Piaget

B. J. Brunner

C. B.F. Skinner

D. J. Watson

VIEW ANSWER

Option C

Explanation

"Computer-assisted (or aided) instruction" (CAI) refers to instruction or remediation presented on a computer. These tools improve instructional qualities. CAI's were also known as CBTs (Computer based training) when they were used to "train" individuals for vocations.

1. Much influenced by theories of behaviourism, in 1954 at the University of Pittsburgh, Psychologist B. F. Skinner demonstrated a teaching machine for "reinforcing" - and not just teaching - spelling and arithmetic with a machine. In addition users, as reinforcement, may also access auditory material, listen to a passage as often as necessary then transcribe it. The machine then reveals the correct text. Students may listen to the passage again and again to discover the sources of any error and self-correct themselves. Developers applied principles of data transmission and reinforcement theory to a variety of educational situations. Skinner used reinforcement theory to downplay the role of punishment in changing behaviour. Instead, he was convinced that behaviour could be altered by simply using positive and negative types of reinforcement. Positive reinforcers presented rewards (good grade or congratulatory comment) after the user achieved a desired behaviour. Negative reinforcers remove aversive stimuli after the user failed to achieve a desired behaviour. Crowder applied these ideas to ‘‘intrinsic programming'' so that a user's responses determined the material to be presented next. The main advantage of intrinsic programming was that it did not waste the time of the fast learner with unnecessary repetition. Its disadvantage was that it required a large amount of content to present even a relatively small amount of material.

45. When a teacher teaches the idea that it is wrong to think that Filipino lifestyle, products and ideas are inferior to those of other nationalities, he fights against ______.

A. Acculturation

B. Xenocentrism

C. Ethnocentrism

D. Culture shock

VIEW ANSWER

Option B

Explanation

Xenocentrism is the preference for the products, styles, or ideas of someone else's culture rather than of one's own.

46. Teachers often complain of numerous non-teaching assignments that adversely affect their teaching. Does this mean that teachers must be pre-occupied only with their teaching?

A. Yes, because teaching is enough full time job

B. Yes, if they are given other assignments, justice demands that they be properly compensated

C. No, because every teacher is expected to provide leadership in activities for the betterment of the communities where they live and work

D. No, they are also baby sitters especially in the pre-school

VIEW ANSWER

Option B

Explanation

Sec. 13.Teaching Hours. Any teacher engaged in actual classroom instruction shall not be required to render more than six hours of actual classroom teaching a day, which shall be so scheduled as to give him time for the preparation and correction of exercises and other work incidental to his normal teaching duties: Provided, however, That where the exigencies of the service so require, any teacher may be required to render more than six hours but not exceeding eight hours of actual classroom teaching a day upon payment of additional compensation at the same rate as his regular remuneration plus at least twenty-five per cent of his basic pay. (RA 4670)

47. My right ends where the rights of others begin. What does this mean?

A. Rights are not absolute

B. Rights are alienable

C. Rights are inalienable

D. Rights are absolute

VIEW ANSWER

Option A

Explanation

While these are rights which all citizens have and enjoy, they are not absolute. Your rights are subject to the rights of other individuals and in certain instances can be limited.

48. In the context of Bruner's principle of knowledge representation, which is the enactive phase of the lesson on fractions?

A. Presenting the pizza and cutting it into two and four

B. Using the model of fractions

C. Writing the fractions 1/2, 1/4 and 1/3 on the board

D. Asking the meaning of 1/2, 1/4 and 1/3

VIEW ANSWER

Option B

Explanation

Bruner's three modes of representational thought: first the enactive phase, then the iconic phase, and finally the symbolic phase.

Bruner's three stages of development include

Enactive “knowledge is stored primarily in the form of motor responses.” (Alexander 2002). In this stage individuals are learning through motor skills and by experimenting with and learning to manipulate objects. An example would be teaching someone how to play the hand clapping game patty cake. In the game patty cake the motions are learned by doing the motion. It would be very difficult to try to teach someone this game by describe the actions verbally.

Iconic “knowledge is stored primarily in the form of visual images” (Alexander 2002). Human learning is generated by imagery in this stage. The individual is able to generate mental images of events.

In the iconic stage it is very important to present a number of different visual aids to students to supplement teaching material. Examples include images, videos, charts and graphs.

Symbolic “knowledge is stored primarily as words, mathematical symbols, or in other symbol systems” (Alexander 2002).

An example of a teacher using the symbolic stage of instruction may be a teacher who is discussing a concept such as birds and their migration in the different seasons. The teacher may discuss flight, what the birds eat and where the birds migrate to. In this case the teacher is using language (words) to describe the birds, what they eat and their migration.

49. The use of drills in the classroom is rooted on Thorndike’s law of:

A. Readiness

B. Effect

C. Exercise

D. Belongingness

VIEW ANSWER

Option C

Explanation

The second law of learning is the ‘Law of Exercise’, which means that drill or practice helps in increasing efficiency and durability of learning and according to Thorndike’s S-R Bond Theory, the connections are strengthened with trail or practice and the connections are weakened when trial or practice is discontinued. The ‘law of exercise’, therefore, is also understood as the ‘law of use and disuse’ in which case connections or bonds made in the brain cortex are weakened or loosened. Many examples of this case are found in case of human learning. Learning to drive a motor-car, typewriting, singing or memorizing a poem or a mathematical table, and music etc. need exercise and repetition of various movements and actions many times.

50. For city-bred students to think that their culture is better than those from the province is a concrete example of ____.

A. Ethical relativism

B. Ethnocentrism

C. Cultural relativism

D. Xenocentrism

VIEW ANSWER

Option B

Explanation

"Ethnocentrism" is a commonly used word in circles where ethnicity, inter-ethnic relations, and similar social issues are of concern. The usual definition of the term is "thinking one's own group's ways are superior to others" or "judging other groups as inferior to one's own".