This is the Multiple Choice Questions in Professional Education part 8 as one coverage of Licensure Examinations for Teachers (LET). The exam is divided into two classifications. First is the elementary level exam which covers topics from General Education (GenEd) 40% and Professional Education (ProfEd) 60%. Secondly is the secondary level which covers GenEd 20%, ProfEd 40% and area of specialization 40%. I assume you are looking for a reviewer that will help you achieve your goal to become a professional License teacher very soon. Yes, you are in the right place to make your dream come true. Make sure to familiarize each and every questions to increase the chance of passing the Licensure Examinations for Teachers (LET).
PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION (Elementary and Secondary) Coverage
- Teaching Profession, Social Dimensions of Education
- Principles of Teaching, Educational Technology, Curriculum Development
- Facilitating Learning, Child and Adolescent Development
- Assessment of Student Learning, Developmental Reading
- Field Study, Practice Teaching
Choose the letter of the best answer in each questions.
1. If you make use of the indirect instruction method, you begin your lesson with:
A. Guided practice
B. A review of previous day’s work
C. Advance organizers that provide an overall picture of the lesson
D. Independent
VIEW ANSWER
Option C
ExplanationWhen it comes to teaching, there are different methods that can be employed to achieve effective learning. One of such methods is the indirect instruction method. This method involves starting the lesson with advance organizers that provide an overall picture of the lesson. Advance organizers are meant to help students understand what they will be learning and how it fits in with what they already know. By starting with advance organizers, students are better able to connect new information to their existing knowledge. This method is different from starting with guided practice, a review of previous day's work, or independent work, as it provides a framework for learning that can enhance comprehension and retention of new information.
2. One’s approach to teaching is influenced by Howard Gardner’s MI Theory. What is he/she challenged to do?
I. To come up with 9 different ways of approaching lesson to cater to the 9 multiple intelligence
II. To develop all student’s skill in all nine intelligences
III. To provide worthwhile activities that acknowledge individual difference in children
A. I, II and III
B. II and III
C. II only
D. III only
VIEW ANSWER
Option D
ExplanationHoward Gardner’s Multiple Intelligence (MI) Theory suggests that there are different types of intelligence and that individuals possess varying degrees of each type. These intelligences include linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalistic, and existential. In terms of teaching, one’s approach is challenged to provide worthwhile activities that acknowledge the individual differences in children. Therefore, the correct answer is option D, which states that the teacher is challenged to provide worthwhile activities that acknowledge individual differences in children.
3. If my approach to my lesson is behaviorist, what features will dominate my lesson?
I. Copying notes
II. Reasoning
III. Lecturing
IV. Demonstration
A. III, IV
B. I, III, IV
C. I, II, III, IV
D. II, III, IV
VIEW ANSWER
Option D
ExplanationIf your approach to teaching is behaviorist, then the features that will dominate your lesson are reasoning, lecturing, and demonstration. This means that option D, which includes reasoning, lecturing, and demonstration, is the correct answer. In a behaviorist approach, the teacher focuses on observable behaviors and uses positive and negative reinforcements to encourage or discourage certain behaviors. Lecturing is a common feature of this approach, as the teacher is the one imparting knowledge to the students. Demonstrations are also important, as they allow the teacher to model the desired behavior or skill. While copying notes could be a part of a behaviorist lesson, it is not a dominant feature. Reasoning, on the other hand, is important in helping students understand why certain behaviors or skills are desirable.
4. You practice inclusive education. Which of these applies to you?
I. You accept every student as full and valued member of the class and school community
II. Your special attention is on learners with specific learning or social needs
III. Your address the needs of the class as a whole within the context of the learners with specific learning or social needs
A. II only
B. I and II
C. I only
D. I and III
VIEW ANSWER
Option D
ExplanationInclusive education is an approach to teaching that ensures that all students, regardless of their abilities or backgrounds, feel valued and welcome in the classroom. It involves accepting every student as a full and valued member of the class and school community. Inclusive education also means focusing on learners with specific learning or social needs and addressing the needs of the class as a whole within the context of these learners. Therefore, the correct answer is option D, which includes both accepting every student as a full and valued member of the class and school community (I) and addressing the needs of the class as a whole within the context of the learners with specific learning or social needs (III).
5. School curriculum reflects the world’s economic and political integration and industrialization. What does these points in curriculum development?
A. The trend towards the classical approach to curriculum development
B. The trend towards the globalization and localization
C. The trend towards participatory curriculum development
D. The shift in the paradigm of curriculum development from a process-oriented to a product-oriented one
VIEW ANSWER
Option D
ExplanationThe point being made in this topic is that school curriculums are changing to reflect the world's economic and political integration and industrialization. Specifically, this refers to a shift in the paradigm of curriculum development from a process-oriented to a product-oriented one. This means that there is a greater emphasis on the end result of education, such as how it prepares students for the workforce and their roles in society. It also suggests that there is a need for education to be relevant to the current economic and political landscape, which includes globalization and localization. Participatory curriculum development may also play a role in this shift, as it involves engaging students and stakeholders in the development of the curriculum. Ultimately, the goal is to ensure that students are prepared for the world they will enter after graduation.
6. You choose cooperative learning as a teaching approach. What thought is impressed on your students?
A. Interaction is a must, but not necessarily face to-face interaction
B. Student’s success depends on the success of the group
C. Student’s individuality evaluates how effectively their group worked
D. The accountability for learning is on the group not on the individual
VIEW ANSWER
Option B
ExplanationWhen using cooperative learning as a teaching approach, the thought that should be impressed on students is that their success depends on the success of the group. This means that students need to work together and support each other in order to achieve their goals. It also means that individual performance is evaluated based on how effectively the group worked as a whole. However, it is important to note that interaction is still a must in cooperative learning, but it does not necessarily have to be face-to-face interaction. Finally, accountability for learning should be on both the group and the individual, not just one or the other. By emphasizing the importance of group success, students can develop strong teamwork skills that will serve them well in their future endeavors.
7. Which statement applies correctly to Edgar Dale’s “Cone of Experience”?
A. The farther you are from the base, the more direct the learning experience becomes
B. The farther you are from the bottom, the more direct the learning experience becomes
C. The closer you are from the base, the more indirect the learning experience becomes
D. The closer you are from the base, the more direct the learning experience becomes
VIEW ANSWER
Option D
ExplanationEdgar Dale's "Cone of Experience" is a visual model that shows the relationship between different modes of learning and the degree of abstraction of those modes. The base of the cone represents the most concrete and direct learning experiences, such as real-life experiences, while the apex represents the most abstract and indirect learning experiences, such as reading or listening to lectures. Therefore, the correct statement that applies to Edgar Dale's "Cone of Experience" is D, which states that the closer you are to the base, the more direct the learning experience becomes.
8. “When more senses are stimulated, teaching and learning become more effective.” What is an application of this principle?
A. Appeal to student’s sense of imagination
B. Use multisensory aids
C. Make your students touch the instructional material
D. Use audiovisual aids because the eyes and the ears are the most important senses in learning
VIEW ANSWER
Option B
ExplanationThe application of the principle that "when more senses are stimulated, teaching and learning become more effective" is to use multisensory aids. This means that instructional materials should not only be limited to visual aids, but also include auditory, kinesthetic, and tactile components. By engaging multiple senses, students are able to retain information better and can be more actively involved in the learning process. It is important to appeal to students' sense of imagination and create a dynamic and interactive learning environment that caters to different learning styles. Therefore, using multisensory aids is an effective way to facilitate learning and improve educational outcomes.
9. Which is a classroom application of the theory of “operant conditioning”?
A. Help student see the connectedness of facts, concepts, and principles
B. Create a classroom atmosphere that elicits relaxation
C. Reinforce a good behavior to increase the likelihood that the learner will repeat the response
D. Make students learn by operating manipulatively
VIEW ANSWER
Option C
ExplanationOperant conditioning is a theory in psychology which states that behavior can be modified based on the consequences it receives. The classroom application of this theory could be reinforcing good behavior to increase the likelihood that the learner will repeat the response. This means that when students exhibit good behavior, it is encouraged through positive reinforcement. This can be achieved through various means, such as praise, rewards, or recognition. By reinforcing positive behavior, students are more likely to repeat it, leading to a more conducive learning environment. Therefore, option C is the correct answer.
10. Read the following teacher-student situation. TEACHER: Why is the process called photosynthesis?
STUDENT: I don’t know.
Which questioning technique should be the teacher be using?
A. Clarification
B. Multiple response
C. Prompting
D. Concept review
VIEW ANSWER
Option C
ExplanationThe questioning technique that the teacher should be using in this situation is prompting. Prompting involves giving the student a hint or clue to help them arrive at the correct answer. In this case, the teacher could provide the student with some background information about the word "photosynthesis" and ask them to think about what it might mean. By prompting the student in this way, the teacher is helping them to develop their critical thinking skills and arrive at the answer on their own, rather than simply providing them with the answer.
11. Here is the test item.
“From the data presented in the table, form generalizations that are supported by the data”.
Under what type of question does this item fall?
A. Convergent
B. Evaluative
C. Application
D. Divergent
VIEW ANSWER
Option B
ExplanationThe test item provided falls under the category of evaluative questions. The question asks the test-taker to analyze, synthesize and draw conclusions based on the data presented in the table. The test-taker is required to evaluate the information presented and form generalizations that are supported by the data. Therefore, this question is an example of an evaluative question.
12. I want to teach concepts, patterns and abstractions. Which method will be most appropriate?
A. Discovery
B. Indirect instruction
C. Direct instruction
D. Problem solving
VIEW ANSWER
Option C
ExplanationIf your goal is to teach concepts, patterns and abstractions, the most appropriate method would be direct instruction. This method involves structured and teacher-led lessons that focus on providing clear and concise explanations of concepts, followed by activities or exercises that reinforce learning. Direct instruction is especially effective when teaching complex or abstract ideas because it allows students to fully understand the material before moving on to more challenging topics. Additionally, providing examples and using visual aids can further enhance learning and retention of information. While other methods, such as problem solving or discovery, may also be useful in certain situations, direct instruction is generally considered the most effective approach for teaching concepts, patterns and abstractions.
13. Teacher Atilla teaches English as a Second Language. She uses vocabulary cards, fill-in-the-blanks sentences, dialogues, dictation and writing exercises in teaching a lesson about grocery shopping. Based on this information, which of the following is a valid conclusion?
A. The teacher wants to make her teaching easier by having less talk
B. The teacher emphasizing reading and writing skills
C. The teacher is applying Bloom’s hierarchy of cognitive learning
D. The teacher is teaching in a variety of ways because not all students learn in the same manner
VIEW ANSWER
Option D
ExplanationBased on the given information, a valid conclusion is that the teacher is teaching in a variety of ways because not all students learn in the same manner. By using vocabulary cards, fill-in-the-blanks sentences, dialogues, dictation, and writing exercises, the teacher is incorporating different modes of learning such as visual, auditory, and kinesthetic. This approach caters to the different learning styles of students and makes the lesson more engaging and effective. Therefore, option D is the correct answer. The teacher's use of different techniques does not necessarily mean that she wants to make her teaching easier by having less talk (option A) or that she is emphasizing reading and writing skills (option B). Additionally, it is not mentioned in the given information that the teacher is applying Bloom's hierarchy of cognitive learning (option C).
14. Teacher Georgina, an experienced teacher, does daily review of past lessons in order to:
A. introduce a new lesson
B. reflect on how she presented the previous lessons
C. provide her pupils with a sense of continuity
D. determine who among her pupils are studying
VIEW ANSWER
Option C
ExplanationAs an experienced teacher, Teacher Georgina understands the importance of daily review of past lessons. This practice helps her pupils to have a sense of continuity in their learning journey. By reviewing previous lessons, she can ensure that her pupils have a strong foundation and can build upon their knowledge. Additionally, reflecting on how she presented previous lessons allows her to improve her teaching methods and make adjustments where necessary. It is important to note that the purpose of daily review is not to determine who among her pupils are studying but rather to provide a conducive learning environment for all her pupils.
15. I combined several subject areas in order to focus on a single concept for interdisciplinary teaching. Which strategy did I use?
A. Reading-writing activity
B. Thematic introduction
C. Unit method
D. Problem-centered learning
VIEW ANSWER
Option B
ExplanationThe strategy that was used to combine several subject areas in order to focus on a single concept for interdisciplinary teaching is option B, Thematic introduction. This strategy involves selecting a theme or topic and using it to integrate different subject areas. It helps to provide students with a more comprehensive and cohesive understanding of the topic, as they are able to see how different subject areas contribute to it. By using a thematic approach, students are also able to develop critical thinking skills and make connections between different subject areas. Overall, the thematic approach is an effective way to promote interdisciplinary teaching and learning.
16. To teach the democratic process to the pupils, Batongmalaki Elementary School decided that the election of class officers shall be patterned after local elections. There are qualifications set for candidates, limited period for campaign and rules for posting campaign materials, etc. Which of the following did the school use?
A. Symposium
B. Simulation
C. Pole playing
D. Philips 66
VIEW ANSWER
Option B
ExplanationBatongmalaki Elementary School used simulation to teach the democratic process to its pupils through the election of class officers. This involved setting qualifications for candidates, limiting the campaign period, and establishing rules for posting campaign materials, among other things. By simulating a local election, the school was able to give its students a hands-on experience of the democratic process, which can help them better understand and appreciate the importance of civic participation and responsible leadership.
17. Which among the following are effective methods in teaching student critical reading skills?
I. Interpret editorial
II. Read and interpret three different movie reviews
III. Read a position paper and deduce underlying assumptions of the position papers
A. II and III
B. I and III
C. I and II
D. I, II and III
VIEW ANSWER
Option D
ExplanationCritical reading skills are an essential component of education. It is the process of analyzing, interpreting, and evaluating the text in a systematic and objective manner. There are several effective methods for teaching students critical reading skills, such as interpreting editorials, reading and interpreting different movie reviews, and reading a position paper and deducing the underlying assumptions of the position papers. By interpreting editorials, students can learn how to scrutinize arguments and identify underlying assumptions. By reading and interpreting different movie reviews, students can develop their capacity to compare and contrast ideas, opinions, and perspectives. Finally, reading a position paper and deducing the underlying assumptions of the position papers can teach students how to recognize and evaluate the evidence that supports the author's position. Therefore, the correct answer is option D- I, II, and III.
18. Here is a test item:
“The improvement of basic education should be the top priority of the Philippine government. Defend or refute this position.”
Under what type of question does this test item fall?
A. Low-level
B. Evaluative
C. Analysis
D. Convergent
VIEW ANSWER
Option B
ExplanationThis test item falls under the category of evaluative questions. Evaluative questions are those that require the test-taker to make a judgment about the topic, based on certain criteria or standards. In this case, the test item asks the test-taker to defend or refute the position that the improvement of basic education should be the top priority of the Philippine government. The test-taker would need to evaluate the arguments for and against this position and come to a conclusion based on their own assessment of the issue.
19. When I teach, I often engage in brainstorming. Which do I avoid?
A. Break down barriers
B. Selectively involves pupils
C. Increase creativity
D. Generate many ideas
VIEW ANSWER
Option B
ExplanationWhen teaching, engaging in brainstorming can be a useful tool to generate many ideas and increase creativity. However, it is important to avoid selectively involving pupils, as this can create barriers and prevent some students from contributing their ideas. It is important to create a safe and inclusive environment where all students feel comfortable sharing their thoughts. By avoiding selective involvement and encouraging all students to participate, brainstorming can be a powerful tool for generating innovative ideas and promoting learning.
20. Teacher Sammy teaches a lesson in which students must recognize that ¼ is the same as 0.25. He use this relationship to determine that 0.15 and 0.20 are slightly less than ¼. Which of the following concept/s is/are being taught?
A. Numeration skills of decimals and relationships between fractions and decimals
B. Numeration skills
C. Place value of decimals
D. Relationship between fraction and decimals
VIEW ANSWER
Option A
ExplanationTeacher Sammy is teaching the numeration skills of decimals and the relationship between fractions and decimals. By recognizing that ¼ is the same as 0.25, he is teaching the concept of equivalency between fractions and decimals. Additionally, by comparing 0.15 and 0.20 to ¼, he is teaching students how to use this relationship to compare and order decimals. Therefore, the correct answer is option A.
21. What is the best way to develop math concept?
A. Solving problems using multiple approaches
B. Solving problems by looking for correct answer
C. Learning math as applied to situations, such as being a tool of science
D. Solving problems by applying learned formulas
VIEW ANSWER
Option C
ExplanationDeveloping a deep understanding of math concepts can be a challenging task for many students. However, there are several ways to improve your math skills and develop a strong foundation in mathematical concepts. One of the most effective ways is to learn math as it applies to situations, such as being a tool of science. This approach helps students to understand the relevance of math in real-life scenarios. Additionally, solving problems using multiple approaches can also help develop a deep understanding of mathematical concepts. It allows students to explore different methods and strategies to solve a problem. This approach can help develop problem-solving skills and critical thinking abilities. So, if you want to develop your math concepts, try to learn math as applied to situations and solve problems using multiple approaches.
22. After the reading of a selection in the class, which of these activities can enhance students’ creativity?
I. Reader’s theater
II. Reading aloud
III. Silent reading
A. I and II
B. II only
C. I only
D. III only
VIEW ANSWER
Option C
ExplanationAfter the reading of a selection in class, engaging students in reader's theater can enhance their creativity. Reader's theater allows students to act out the scenes from the reading selection, which can help them better understand and relate to the characters and themes in the story. This activity also allows for creative expression and interpretation of the text. Reading aloud can also enhance students' creativity by allowing them to hear the language and flow of the story, as well as helping them to develop their own reading and speaking skills. However, silent reading alone may not necessarily enhance creativity, as it does not provide an opportunity for active engagement with the text. Therefore, the correct answer is option C: I only.
23. Teacher Carlo, a Reading teacher, advised the class to “read between the lines”. What does she want his pupils to do?
A. Determine what is meant by what is stated
B. Make an educated guess
C. Apply the information being read
D. Describe the characters in the story
VIEW ANSWER
Option A
ExplanationWhen a teacher advises their class to "read between the lines," they are encouraging their students to look beyond the surface-level meaning of a text and to analyze the implicit or hidden messages that may be conveyed. Essentially, the teacher wants their pupils to determine what is meant by what is stated. This can involve making educated guesses based on context clues, analyzing the subtext of a passage, or drawing inferences based on the author's tone or word choice. By doing so, students can gain a more nuanced understanding of the text and develop their critical thinking skills.
24. To nurture students’ creativity, which activity should a teacher avoid?
A. Ask “What if…” questions
B. Emphasize the need to give right answers
C. Ask divergent thinking questions
D. Be open to “out-of-this-world” ideas
VIEW ANSWER
Option B
ExplanationTo nurture students' creativity, a teacher should avoid emphasizing the need to give right answers. Instead, the teacher should encourage the students to explore various possibilities and generate new ideas. Asking "what if" questions and divergent thinking questions can help to stimulate students' imagination and creativity. It is also important for the teacher to be open to "out-of-this-world" ideas and provide a supportive and non-judgmental environment for the students to express their ideas. By doing so, the teacher can help to foster a culture of creativity in the classroom and inspire the students to think outside the box.
25. Teacher Rodel wants to develop his students’ creativity. Which type of questions will be most appropriate?
A. Synthesis questions
B. Fact questions
C. “What if…” questions
D. Analysis questions
VIEW ANSWER
Option C
ExplanationIf Teacher Rodel wants to develop his students’ creativity, the most appropriate type of questions to ask would be "What if…" questions. These types of questions encourage students to think outside the box and explore different possibilities and scenarios. By asking "What if…" questions, students are given the chance to use their imagination and come up with unique solutions to problems. This type of questioning also helps develop critical thinking skills and the ability to analyze situations from different perspectives. Overall, "What if…" questions are a great way to encourage creativity and innovation in the classroom.
26. Floramay enjoyed the roller coaster when she and her family went to Disneyland. The mere sight of a roller coaster gets her excited. Which theory explains Floramay’s behavior?
A. Operant conditioning
B. Pavlovian conditioning
C. Social learning theory
D. Attribution theory
VIEW ANSWER
Option B
ExplanationFloramay's behavior of getting excited at the mere sight of a roller coaster can be explained by Pavlovian conditioning, also known as classical conditioning. This theory suggests that a neutral stimulus, such as the sight of a roller coaster, can become associated with a natural response, such as excitement or fear, through repeated pairings with an unconditioned stimulus, such as the physical sensations of riding a roller coaster. Over time, the neutral stimulus alone can elicit the response. In Floramay's case, she may have previously experienced excitement while riding a roller coaster and now associates the sight of one with that feeling.
27. According to Freud, with which should one be concerned if he/she has to develop in the students a correct sense of right and wrong?
I. Super-ego
II. Ego
III. Id
A. I and II
B. II
C. I
D. III
VIEW ANSWER
Option C
ExplanationAccording to Freud, if one has to develop in the students a correct sense of right and wrong, they should be concerned with the Super-ego. The Super-ego is the part of the psyche that is responsible for a person’s moral code, which is learned from parents, teachers, and society. It is the internalization of cultural rules, and it helps to regulate the Id's impulses in a socially acceptable manner. In contrast, the Id is the instinctual part of the psyche that operates on the pleasure principle, while the Ego is the rational part of the psyche that mediates between the demands of the Id and the constraints of reality. Therefore, the Super-ego plays a crucial role in the development of a person's moral compass.
28. When small children call animals “dog”, what process is illustrated on Piaget’s cognitive development theory?
A. Reversion
B. Assimilation
C. Accommodation
D. Conservation
VIEW ANSWER
Option B
ExplanationAccording to Piaget's cognitive development theory, the process illustrated when small children call animals "dog" is assimilation. This is the process of taking in new information and fitting it into pre-existing mental categories or schemas. In this case, the child has a schema for "dog" and is applying it to any animal that resembles a dog, even if it is actually a different animal. As the child's cognitive abilities develop, they will learn to differentiate between different types of animals and create new schemas for them through the process of accommodation.
29. Researchers found that when a child is engaged in a learning experience a number of areas of the brain are simultaneously activated. Which of the following is/are implication/s of this research finding?
I. Make use of field trips and guest speakers
II. Do multicultural units of study
III. Stick to the “left brain and right brain” approach
A. I and III
B. I only
C. I and II
D. II only
VIEW ANSWER
Option C
ExplanationResearch has shown that when a child is engaged in a learning experience, multiple areas of the brain are simultaneously activated. This has important implications for how educators design and facilitate learning experiences. One implication is to make use of field trips and guest speakers, as these can provide hands-on and real-world experiences that engage multiple areas of the brain. Another implication is to do multicultural units of study, which can provide opportunities for students to engage with different perspectives and ways of thinking, leading to a more comprehensive and holistic understanding of the topic. It is not necessary to stick to the “left brain and right brain” approach, as research has shown that this oversimplifies the complex ways in which the brain functions during learning. Therefore, the correct answer to the question is option C, which suggests making use of field trips and guest speakers as well as doing multicultural units of study.
30. My problem is there are too many topics to cover and I may not able to finish before classes end in March. Which approach when used can help solve my problem?
A. Thematic
B. Constructive
C. Experimental approach
D. Direct instruction
VIEW ANSWER
Option A
ExplanationIf you have too many topics to cover and are worried about not being able to finish before your classes end in March, the approach that can help you solve this problem is the thematic approach. This approach involves organizing your topics around a central theme or concept, which can help you prioritize and group related information together. This can make it easier for you to cover more ground in a shorter amount of time, as well as help you remember and understand the information better. By using the thematic approach, you can also create a more cohesive and meaningful learning experience for yourself. Good luck with your studies!
31. You want your students to answer the questions at the end of a reading lesson. “What did I learn?”, “What still puzzles me?”, “What did I enjoy, hate and accomplish in the class today?” and “How did I learn from the lesson?” Which of the following are you asking them to do?
A. Work on an assignment
B. Make journal entry
C. Work on a drill
D. Apply what they learned
VIEW ANSWER
Option B
ExplanationThe question is asking the students to make a journal entry. Specifically, they are being asked to reflect on what they learned, what they still have questions about, what they enjoyed or didn't enjoy, and how they learned from the lesson. This kind of reflective writing can help students process and internalize what they have learned, as well as identify areas where they may need more practice or clarification. By making a habit of regularly reflecting on their learning in this way, students can become more self-aware and effective learners.
32. William Glasser’s control theory states that behavior is inspired by what satisfies a person want at any given time. What then must a teacher do to motivate students to learn?
A. Make schoolwork relevant to students’ basic human needs
B. Make teaching-leaning interactive
C. Avoid giving assignments
D. Organize a curriculum in a spiral manner
VIEW ANSWER
Option A
ExplanationAccording to William Glasser's control theory, behavior is motivated by what satisfies a person's wants at any given time. As a teacher, it is important to keep this in mind when trying to motivate students to learn. One effective way to do this is to make schoolwork relevant to students' basic human needs. For example, if a student is interested in sports, a teacher could use sports-related examples or analogies to explain a concept in a lesson. Another way to motivate students is to make teaching and learning interactive. This could involve using technology, group work, or hands-on activities to engage students in the learning process. It is important to avoid simply giving assignments without context or relevance to students' lives. Lastly, organizing a curriculum in a spiral manner can help students build on previous knowledge and make connections between different subjects. By taking these steps, teachers can help motivate students to learn and succeed in their academic pursuits.
33. Nadia exhibit fear response to freely roaming dogs but does not show fear when a dog is on a leash or confined to a pen. Which conditioning process is illustrated?
A. Extinction
B. Generalization
C. Acquisition
D. Discrimination
VIEW ANSWER
Option D
ExplanationThe conditioning process illustrated in this scenario is discrimination, which is the ability to differentiate between stimuli and respond differently to them based on their characteristics. Nadia is able to distinguish between dogs that are free-roaming and those that are on a leash or confined to a pen, and responds with fear only to the former. This indicates that she has learned to discriminate between the two types of stimuli and responds differently to them.
34. Based on Freud’s theory, which operate/s when a student strikes a classmate at the height of anger?
A. Ego
B. Id
C. Id and Ego interact
D. Superego
VIEW ANSWER
Option B
ExplanationAccording to Freud's theory, when a student strikes a classmate in a fit of anger, it is the Id that is operating. The Id is the most primitive and instinctual part of the psyche, and it seeks immediate gratification of desires and impulses. It operates according to the pleasure principle and is not concerned with social norms or consequences. In contrast, the Ego operates according to the reality principle, seeking to balance the desires of the Id with the constraints of the external world. The Superego represents the internalized values and morals of society, and it seeks to control the impulses of the Id through guilt and shame. Therefore, in this scenario, it is the Id that is overriding the Ego and Superego, leading to the act of physical aggression.
35. After reading an essay. Teacher Beatrice wants to help sharpen her students’ ability to interpret. Which of these activities will be most appropriate?
A. Drawing conclusions
B. Making inferences
C. Getting the main idea
D. Listing facts separately from opinion
VIEW ANSWER
Option B
ExplanationTo sharpen students' ability to interpret, making inferences would be the most appropriate activity. Making inferences involves using context clues and prior knowledge to draw conclusions that are not explicitly stated in the text. This requires critical thinking and analysis, which are important skills for interpreting any type of written material. Drawing conclusions and getting the main idea are also important skills, but they are more focused on understanding the overall meaning of a text rather than making inferences about specific details. Listing facts separately from opinion is a useful skill, but it does not necessarily help with interpretation. Therefore, making inferences would be the most appropriate activity to sharpen students' ability to interpret.
36. Read the following then answer the question. A man and his son are driving in a car. The car crashes into a tree, killing the father and seriously injury his son. At the hospital, the boy needs to have surgery. Looking at the boy, the doctor says (telling the truth), “I cannot operate on him. He is my son. How can this be?
ANSWER: The doctor is the boy’s mother.
The above brain twister helps develop critical reading skills. Which activity was used?
A. Comparing
B. Classifying
C. Inferring meaning
D. Looking for cause and effect
VIEW ANSWER
Option C
ExplanationCritical reading skills are essential for comprehension and interpretation of written material. In the brain twister provided, the activity used is inferring meaning. The reader must deduce that the doctor who cannot operate on the boy because he is her son is actually the boy's mother. This requires the reader to go beyond the literal meaning of the text and use their own knowledge and context to make an inference. Developing this skill helps readers to understand complex texts and draw conclusions based on evidence presented in the text.
37. Research says that mastery experiences increase confidence and willingness to try similar or more challenging tasks as reading. What does this imply for children’s reading performance?
A. Children who have not mastered the basic skills are more likely to be motivated to read in order to gain mastery over basic skills
B. Children who have mastered basic skills are more likely to be less motivated to read because they get fed up with too much reading
C. Children who have gained mastery over basic skills are more motivated to read
D. Children who have a high sense of self-confidence are not necessarily those who can read
VIEW ANSWER
Option C
ExplanationResearch has shown that mastery experiences increase confidence and willingness to try similar or more challenging tasks, such as reading. This implies that children who have gained mastery over basic reading skills are more motivated to read. When children are confident in their reading abilities, they are more likely to engage in reading activities and seek out more challenging texts. This can lead to improved reading performance and a more positive attitude towards reading. On the other hand, children who struggle with basic reading skills may be less motivated to read and may avoid reading activities altogether. Therefore, it is important for educators and parents to provide opportunities for children to gain mastery over basic reading skills in order to increase their motivation and enjoyment of reading.
38. The value that students put on reading is critical to their success. In what way/s can teachers inculcate his value for reading?
I. Sharing the excitement of read-aloud
II. Showing their passion for reading
III. Being rewarded to demonstrate the value of reading
A. II and III
B. I and II
C. I, II and III
D. II only
VIEW ANSWER
Option C
ExplanationReading is an essential skill that plays a critical role in the success of students. Therefore, it is crucial for teachers to inculcate the value of reading in their students. There are different ways to achieve this goal, and here are three of them:
1. Sharing the excitement of read-aloud: Teachers can read aloud to their students, share their enthusiasm, and make reading fun and engaging. This can help to build students' interest and foster a love for reading.
2. Showing their passion for reading: Teachers who are passionate about reading and share their experiences with their students can inspire them to read more. Teachers can create a reading culture in their classrooms by setting aside time for silent reading, discussing books with students, and recommending books that students might enjoy.
3. Being rewarded to demonstrate the value of reading: Teachers can reward students who read frequently, and this can encourage them to read more. Rewards can be in the form of certificates, prizes, or recognition in front of their peers.
In conclusion, teachers can inculcate the value of reading in their students by sharing their excitement of read-aloud, showing their passion for reading, and rewarding students who demonstrate the value of reading. All three methods (I, II, and III) are important and can be used in combination to create a reading culture in the classroom.
39. Bruner’s theory on intellectual development moves from enactive to iconic and symbolic stages. Applying Bruner’s theory. How would you teach?
A. Be interactive in approach
B. Begin with the abstract
C. Begin with the concrete
D. Do direct instruction
VIEW ANSWER
Option C
ExplanationAccording to Bruner's theory of intellectual development, learners move through three stages: enactive, iconic, and symbolic. In the enactive stage, learners rely on physical actions to explore and understand the world. In the iconic stage, learners use mental images to represent objects and experiences. Finally, in the symbolic stage, learners use language and other symbols to represent abstract ideas and concepts.
When it comes to teaching, Bruner's theory suggests that it is best to begin with the concrete, or the enactive stage. This means that educators should provide hands-on, experiential learning opportunities that allow learners to explore and manipulate objects in their environment. This approach helps learners build a foundation of knowledge that they can then use to construct mental images and eventually, to understand abstract concepts.
Therefore, option C - Beginning with the concrete - is the best approach for teaching according to Bruner's theory of intellectual development. By starting with concrete experiences and gradually building towards more abstract concepts, educators can help learners develop a deep and meaningful understanding of the material they are studying. It is also important to note that being interactive and allowing for direct instruction can also be effective teaching strategies, but they should be used in conjunction with beginning with the concrete.
40. A person who has painful experiences at the dentist’s office may become fearful at the mere sight of the dentist’s office building. Which theory can explain this?
A. Generalization
B. Operant Conditioning
C. Attribution theory
D. Classical conditioning
VIEW ANSWER
Option D
ExplanationThe theory that can explain the fear of a person towards a dentist's office building after having painful experiences is classical conditioning. Classical conditioning is a process by which a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a meaningful stimulus and acquires the capacity to elicit a similar response. In this case, the painful experience is the meaningful stimulus, and the sight of the dentist's office building is the neutral stimulus that becomes associated with it, leading to the fear response. Over time, the fear response becomes automatic and generalized, which means that it can occur in response to similar stimuli, such as the sight of other medical buildings.
41. Which is/are the basic assumption/s of behaviorists?
I. The mind of newborn child is a blank state
II. All behaviors are determined by environmental events
III. The child has a certain degree of freedom not to allow himself to be shaped by his environment
A. III only
B. I and II
C. II only
D. I and III
VIEW ANSWER
Option D
ExplanationBehaviorists operate under the basic assumptions that the mind of a newborn child is a blank slate and that all behaviors are determined solely by environmental events. However, they do not believe that a child has complete freedom to avoid being shaped by their environment. Therefore, the correct option is D, which includes assumptions I and III.
42. If a student is encourage to develop himself to the fullest and must satisfy his hierarchy of needs, the highest needs to satisfy according to Maslow is ________.
A. Psychological need
B. Self-actualization
C. Belongingness
D. Safety needs
VIEW ANSWER
Option B
ExplanationMaslow's hierarchy of needs is a motivational theory in psychology that describes the five basic needs that humans have. The needs are arranged in a pyramid, and each level of the pyramid must be satisfied before an individual can move on to the next level. The five levels of Maslow's hierarchy of needs are physiological needs, safety needs, belongingness and love needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs. According to Maslow, self-actualization needs are the highest needs to satisfy. These needs include the desire to achieve personal growth, to reach your full potential, and to be the best version of yourself. Therefore, option B, self-actualization, is the correct answer.
43. In a Social Studies class. Teacher Ina presents a morally ambiguous situation and asks student what they would do. On whose theory is Teacher Ina’s technique based?
A. Bandura
B. Piaget
C. Kohlberg
D. Bruner
VIEW ANSWER
Option C
ExplanationTeacher Ina's technique, where she presents a morally ambiguous situation and asks students what they would do, is based on the theory of Lawrence Kohlberg. Kohlberg's theory of moral development suggests that individuals progress through different stages of moral reasoning as they age. According to Kohlberg, moral reasoning develops through three levels, each with two stages. The first level is pre-conventional morality, the second is conventional morality, and the third is post-conventional morality. In the conventional level, individuals are concerned with maintaining social order and following the rules, and this is where the morally ambiguous situations often come into play. By presenting such situations, teachers like Ina can promote critical thinking and help students progress through Kohlberg's stages of moral reasoning.
44. Teacher Violy is convinced that whenever a student performs a desired behavior, provide reinforcement and soon the student learns to perform the behavior on his own. On which principle is Teacher Violy’s conviction based?
A. Environmentalism
B. Behaviorism
C. Cognitivism
D. Constructivism
VIEW ANSWER
Option B
ExplanationTeacher Violy’s conviction is based on the principle of behaviorism. Behaviorism is a theory of learning that focuses on observable behaviors and external stimuli in the environment. It suggests that behavior is shaped by the consequences that follow it. Reinforcement is a key concept in behaviorism, and it refers to any consequence that strengthens a behavior and increases the likelihood of it being repeated in the future. By providing reinforcement whenever a student performs a desired behavior, Teacher Violy is using a behaviorist approach to encourage the student to continue that behavior.
45. In Bandura’s social learning theory, it states that children often imitate those who:
I. have substantial influence over their lives
II. belong their peer group
III. belong to other race
IV. are successful and seem admired
A. IV only
B. I and IV
C. I and II
D. II and IV
VIEW ANSWER
Option B
ExplanationBandura's social learning theory states that children often imitate those who have substantial influence over their lives and those who are successful and seem admired. Therefore, the correct answer is option B, which includes both I and IV. It is important to note that belonging to a certain peer group or race is not specifically mentioned in the theory as a factor that influences imitation.
46. According to Erikson, what years are critical for the development of self-confidence?
A. High school years
B. Elementary school years
C. College years
D. Preschool years
VIEW ANSWER
Option B
ExplanationAccording to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, the critical years for the development of self-confidence are the preschool years. During this stage, children form a sense of trust in their caregivers and environment, which lays the foundation for developing self-esteem and self-confidence. As they grow older, experiences in school and social interactions also contribute to their sense of self-worth. However, it is important to note that self-confidence can continue to develop throughout one's life, and is not limited to any specific age range.
47. Which of the following does not describe the development of children aged 11 to 13?
A. They exhibit increased objectivity in thinking
B. Sex difference in IQ become more evident
C. They shift from impulsivity to adaptive ability
D. They show abstract thinking and judgment
VIEW ANSWER
Option B
48. Teacher Henry begins a lesson on tumbling, demonstrating front and back somersaults in slow motion and physically guiding his students through the correct movements. As his students become more skillful, he stands back from the man and gives verbal feedback about how to improve. With Vygotsky’s theory in mind, what did Teacher Henry do?
A. Apprenticeship
B. Guided participation
C. Peer interaction
D. Scaffolding
VIEW ANSWER
Option D
ExplanationAccording to Vygotsky's theory, scaffolding is a process in which a more knowledgeable person provides support and guidance to a less knowledgeable person, gradually reducing the amount of support as the less knowledgeable person becomes more competent. In the scenario provided, Teacher Henry demonstrates front and back somersaults in slow motion and physically guides his students through the correct movements, providing support and guidance to less knowledgeable students (scaffolding). As the students become more skillful, he stands back and gives verbal feedback about how to improve, gradually reducing the amount of support (scaffolding) he provides. Therefore, the answer is option D, scaffolding.
49. What does Gagne’s hierarchy theory propose for effective instruction?
A. Be concerned with the socio-emotional climate in the classroom
B. Sequence instruction
C. Teach beginning with the concrete
D. Reward good behavior
VIEW ANSWER
Option B
ExplanationGagne's hierarchy theory proposes that effective instruction should be sequenced. This means that the instruction should be presented in a logical order, with each step building on the previous one. This helps learners to understand and retain the information better. While Gagne's theory does not discount the importance of the socio-emotional climate in the classroom or the use of concrete examples, its main focus is on sequencing instruction. By breaking down complex concepts into smaller, more manageable parts, learners are more likely to be successful in mastering the material. Therefore, if you are looking to design effective instruction, consider incorporating Gagne's theory by carefully sequencing the material you present.
50. Which appropriate teaching practice flows from this research finding on the brain: “The brain’s emotional center is tied into its ability to learn”.
A. Establish the discipline of being judgmental in attitude
B. Come up with highly competitive games where winners will feel happy
C. Create a learning environment that encourages students to explore their feeling and ideas freely
D. Tell the students to participate in class activities or else won’t receive plus points in class recitation
VIEW ANSWER
Option C
ExplanationAccording to the research finding that "the brain’s emotional center is tied into its ability to learn," an appropriate teaching practice would be to create a learning environment that encourages students to explore their feelings and ideas freely. By doing this, students are able to engage with the material on a deeper level and connect it to their personal experiences and emotions. This can lead to better retention and understanding of the material. It is important to create a safe and supportive environment where students feel comfortable sharing their thoughts and emotions without fear of judgment or retribution. This approach can help students feel more invested in the learning process and ultimately lead to better academic outcomes.
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